Foundation With Chain Blades During Construction and Its Construction Method

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are a foundation having a chain cutter at the base during construction and a construction method of the same. A rock and soil conveying apparatus is provided inside or beside a foundation ( 1 ) having a chain cutter ( 3 ) at the base during construction, the base of the foundation ( 1 ) has a track ( 1 - 1 ), the chain cutter ( 3 ) is mounted on the track ( 1 - 1 ) during construction, and the chain cutter ( 3 ) is composed of a chain ( 3 - 1 ) and a rock and soil excavating cutter ( 3 - 2 ) fixed on the chain ( 3 - 1 ). A chain excavating apparatus mainly consists of the chain cutter ( 3 ) and a transmission apparatus, the transmission apparatus mainly being composed of a driving apparatus ( 4 ) and a sprocket ( 6 ). During construction, the driving apparatus ( 4 ) drives the chain cutter ( 3 ), the chain cutter ( 3 ) runs along the track ( 1 - 1 ), the cutter ( 3 - 2 ) at the base of the foundation ( 1 ) excavates rock and soil, which are removed by the rock and soil conveying apparatus, and the chain cutter ( 3 ) at the base of the foundation ( 1 ) and the foundation ( 1 ) descend together. The defects of the prior art are overcome, and since the foundation ( 1 ) itself has an excavating apparatus, the foundation ( 1 ) can be pre-formed in blocks at the factory, or can be constructed by pouring while descending in on-site fixed formwork, construction is simple, in particular waterproofing is especially good as descending is done as a whole, the construction period is short, and costs are low.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a foundation with chain blades during construction and its construction method, which belongs to the field of civil engineering foundation construction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

By adopting the integral excavation construction method, the existing large-scale pile foundation technology is of long construction period, high labor intensity and poor working environment safety.

The existing underground diaphragm wall technology is to excavate a long narrow trench on the ground by groover under the protection of slurry supporting, hang a reinforcement cage in the trench, and cast underwater concrete to construct one section of trench, so as to proceed by sections. Its main shortcomings: 1) It is difficult to control and verify the quality of underwater construction in the trench, and the construction period is long; 2) The interface between trench sections is difficult to construct, which may result in water leakage; 3) The groover is relatively tall, and the application conditions are limited due to its movement along the perimeter.

The existing breakwater generally adopts concrete armor blocks on bottom riprap heaps and rock filling prisms, or reinforced concrete caissons or large diameter cylinder structures, which is of a huge construction quantity, long construction period and high cost.

The existing caisson foundation technology is to excavate in wells and form foundations by overcoming the frictional resistance of the well wall relying on its own gravity, to sink to the design elevation and seal the bottom. Its main shortcomings: long construction period; high cost; deviation correction difficulty; it is difficult for the cutting edge to overcome boulder at the well bottom and other obstacles, which may cause sudden sinking and accidents.

The existing caisson basic technology needs to pump compressed air, to provide working conditions and compress the water out of the working chamber. Its main shortcomings: complex equipment, limited working time, low efficiency, high cost, difficult bottom sealing construction, and limited depth, which may easily cause occupational diseases under high pressure conditions.

Current dam foundations generally adopt diversion structures and cofferdam structures to create dry construction conditions, which is of a large excavation earthwork and a huge construction quantity. At the completion of the dam, the cofferdam needs to be removed. It is of long construction period and high cost.

For the existing revetment and wharf foundations, excavators are generally adopted for excavation, and ditches or catchment wells for drainage. Cofferdam is also needed outside the revetment bank. In order to prevent large scale settlement, the daily masonry height is limited. It is of the long construction period and high cost.

The existing ship lock foundation is generally built by excavating passages through mountains. The earthwork excavation project is of huge scale, long construction period and high cost.

The existing pier foundation generally builds cofferdam first, pumps water, and carry out pier foundation construction in the cofferdam. Water will continue to infiltrate into the cofferdam, which needs to be continuously pumped out, to obtain dry construction conditions. It is of poor construction environment and not safe.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a foundation with chain blades during construction and its construction method. Its object is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology.

For application in the field of pile foundation, its main advantages: 1) The column foundation can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections or as a whole, or cast in the fixed formwork on-site while descending, which is of easy construction; 2) The structure is simple; 3) Sink as a whole on site, which is of short construction period and low cost.

For application in the field of underground diaphragm walls, its main advantages: 1) The underground diaphragm walls can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections, or cast in the fixed formwork on-site while descending, which is of easy construction, good quality and highly detectable; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost, especially for the underground diaphragm walls that are permanent load-bearing walls; 3) The driving device of the chain blade does not need to be moved and the section of the chain blade above ground can be arranged horizontally, which is widely used.

For application in the field of breakwater, its main advantages: 1) The breakwaters can be fabricated in the prefabricated site in sections, or assembled on site before descending as a while, which is of good quality; 2) It is of a short construction period and low cost; 3) Especially suitable for deep water area.

For application in the field of open caisson foundation, its main advantages: 1) The open caisson foundation can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections, or cast in the fixed framework on site while descending, which is of easy construction and good quality; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost; 3) Especially suitable for the construction of bounder at the well bottom or other obstacles.

For application in the field of caisson foundation, its main advantages: 1) The caisson foundation can be fabricated at the prefabrication site in sections, or cast in the fixed formwork on site while descending, which is of easy construction; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost; 3) Workers do not need to work under high pressure.

For application in the field of dam foundation, its main advantages: 1) During construction of a dam foundation, adopt the segmented cofferdam construction method. By building a dam in the manner of the cofferdam, the cofferdam also becomes the main structure of the dam. 2) The diversion tunnel reserved on the dam body is constructed for diversion, and no additional diversion structure is needed. 3) It is not necessary to remove the cofferdam, which is of the shorter construction period and low cost.

For application in the field of revetment and wharf foundations, its main advantages: 1) It is not necessary to build cofferdams, which allows simple construction; 2) Sink as a whole on site, which is of a short construction period and low cost.

For application in the field of ship lock foundations, its main advantages: 1) The ship lock foundations can be descended as a whole or by blocks, which is of a short construction period; 2) Foundation frame can be used as foundation pit support. Rock and soil excavation in the foundation frame is safe, convenient, and of small earthwork amount.

For application in the field of bridge pier foundation, its main advantages: 1) The bridge pier foundation pre-fabricated at factory will settle as a whole on-site, which is of a short construction period; 2) The construction of bridge pier in water does not need a cofferdam, and deep foundation pit construction, etc., which is safe and convenient for construction.

The Technical Scheme of the Invention: a foundation with chain blades during construction and its construction method. During construction, the foundation 1 with chain blade at the bottom is equipped with a rock and soil conveying device inside or nearby, and the bottom of the foundation 1 is equipped with the track. During construction, the chain blade is installed on the track, which consists of chain blade and blade fixed on the chain for rock and soil excavation. The chain excavating device mainly consists of a chain blade and transmission device, and a transmission device mainly consists of a driving device and chain wheel, etc. During construction, the driving device drives the chain blade, to run along the track. The blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 excavates rock and soil and conveys it out through the rock and soil conveyor. The chain blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 descends along with foundation 1.

Construction methods can be divided into method A factory pre-fabricated foundation 1 and method B cast-in-place foundation 1;

The method A pre-fabricating method can be divided into the steps below:

1) Pre-fabricate the foundation by blocks or in batches at the factory;

2) Transport the assembled foundation 1 on-site and fix in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;

3) Install chain driving device and connect the chain with chain blade;

4) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveyor, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;

5) Grouting after removing chain blade at the design depth.

Except the bottom, cast in the fixed formwork on-site for foundation 1. During construction, fix the formwork and avoid any movement. Excavate the rock and soil at the bottom, and foundation 1 sinks while grouting. Chain excavating device consists of the bottom track, middle frame, upper device and chain blade. The bottom track is connected to the bottom of foundation 1; the bottom of the middle frame is connected to the bottom track, and the top to the upper device. The track with chains is installed in the middle frame, which is also one integral part of the reinforcement cage of foundation 1. The rock and vertical soil conveyor consists of the chain blades running upwards from the bottom and a closed chamber of the middle frame. With the descending of the bottom track, the middle frame also descends simultaneously. The upper device is fixed on the working platform or the top of the middle frame. The upper device is equipped with a chain driving device and a tensioning device. The chain of the bottom track is connected to the driving device and the tensioning device of the upper device through the middle frame. The method B cast-in-place method can be divided into the steps below:

1) Clear the site and build working platforms;

2) Assemble the track at the bottom, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;

3) Assemble the middle frame, upper device and cast-in-place formwork;

4) Install chain driving device and tensioning device, to connect the chain blades of the bottom track and the upper device chain, so as to form a chain excavating device;

5) Fabricate a reinforcement cage and grout in the formwork;

6) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of foundation 1 and delivers the excavated rock and soil to the top through the middle frame, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;

7) As the descending of the bottom of foundation 1, the foundation 1 in formwork descends while grouting;

8) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth, and remove the grouting formwork.

Characteristics of the present invention: overcome the existing shortcomings of the current technology. As foundation 1 has its own excavating device, it may be pre-fabricated by blocks at the factory, or descend while casting in the fixed formwork on site, which is of low cost, a short construction period and simple construction, especially of the solid waterproof during overall descending.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of chain blade 3, (a) is a structural schematic diagram of chain 3-1 and blade 3-2, the structural schematic diagram of the cross of chain 3-1 consisting of A cross 3-1-1 and B cross 3-1-2, and the structural schematic diagram of chain 3-1 to realize spatial bending. (b) is a structural schematic diagram of chain blade 3 consisting of flexible band 3-1B and blade 3-2B, and the structural schematic diagram of flexible belt 3-1B and blade 3-2B;

FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of A type straight pile 8-1-1, which is also the structural schematic diagram of the chain excavating device for rock and soil excavation at the bottom of the foundation;

FIG. 3 is the A-view of FIG. 2, and the structural schematic diagram of chain wheel 6, driving device 4 and tensioning device 5 forming chain excavating device 2;

FIG. 4 is the B-B sectional view of FIG. 2, which is the structural schematic diagram of chain blade 3 for both excavation and horizontal transport of rock and soil at the bottom of foundation, and also the structural schematic diagram of track 1-1 where chain blade 3 operate on at the bottom of foundation 1 and slurry pipeline 1-4 set at the bottom of foundation 1;

FIG. 5 is the C-C sectional view of FIG. 2, and the structural schematic diagram of the vertical rock and soil conveyor consisting of chain blade 3 and side cover 1-3;

FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of B type straight pile 8-1-2 of foundation 1;

FIG. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of C type straight pile 8-1-3 of foundation 1;

FIG. 8 is a method A construction schematic diagram of straight pile 8-1 of foundation 1;

FIG. 9 is a method B construction schematic diagram of straight pile 8-1 of foundation 1. It is also a structure schematic diagram of the bottom track B-1 and the cast-in-place formwork B-4, and a structure schematic diagram of the upper device fixed on the working platform without lifting;

FIG. 10 is the A-view of FIG. 9, and a structural schematic diagram of the middle frame B-2 and the upper device B-3;

In FIG. 11 ‘a’ is an initial status schematic diagram of method B construction, and a structural schematic diagram of the upper device B-3 fixed on the top of the middle frame B-2. ‘b’ is a schematic diagram of the commencement of grouting on the upper part when the bottom excavation starts;

In FIG. 12 ‘c’ is a method B construction schematic diagram for foundation 1 descended to a certain depth, and ‘d’ is a schematic diagram for the removal of construction devices when foundation 1 descends to the design depth;

FIG. 13 is a structural schematic diagram of the cross pile consisting of two straight piles 8-1 in foundation 1, which sinks as a whole with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 14 is the A-view of FIG. 13. It is also a structural schematic diagram of chain wheel 6, driving device 4 and tensioning device 5 forming the chain excavating device 2;

FIG. 15 is the B-B sectional view of FIG. 13;

FIG. 16 is a structural schematic diagram for foundation 1 when the I-shaped pile 8-3 consisting of three straight piles 8-1 sinks as a whole along with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 17 is the A-view of FIG. 16. It is also a structural schematic diagram of chain wheel 6, driving device 4 and tensioning device 5 forming the chain excavating device 2;

FIG. 18 is the B-B sectional view of FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a structural schematic top view of square-shaped pile 8-4 consisting of four straight piles 8-1 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 20 is a top structural view of the foundation A of the underground diaphragm wall 8-5-1 which functions as foundation 1, which is also a structural schematic diagram of the straight pile and the I-shaped pile forming type A underground diaphragm wall 8-5-1;

FIG. 21 is a top structural view of foundation B of underground diaphragm wall 8-5-2 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 22 is the A-view of FIG. 21, which is also a structural schematic diagram of foundation B of the underground diaphragm wall sinking as a whole along with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 23 is the B-view of FIG. 21, which is also a structural schematic diagram of foundation B of the underground diaphragm wall sinking as a whole along with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 24 is the top view of foundation C of the underground diaphragm wall 8-5-3 which functions as foundation 1, and a structural schematic diagram for six straight piles inserted together consisting of the foundation C of the underground diaphragm wall, which is applicable for both integral or separated construction on-site;

FIG. 25 is a structural schematic diagram of breakwater 8-6 which functions as foundation 1 when sinking as a whole with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 26 is the A-view of FIG. 25.

FIG. 27 is a top structural view of foundation A of the open caisson 8-7-1 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 28 is the A-view of FIG. 27, which is also the structural schematic diagram of foundation A of open caisson 8-7-1 when sinking as a whole with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 29 is the B-view of FIG. 27, which is also the structural schematic diagram of foundation A of open caisson 8-7-1 when sinking as a whole with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 30 is the structural schematic top view of foundation B of open caisson 8-7-2 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 31 is a schematic top view of the caisson foundation 8-8 in foundation 1.

FIG. 31 is a structural schematic top view of open caisson foundation 8-8 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 32 is the A-A sectional view of FIG. 31, which is also the structural schematic diagram of the caisson foundation 8-8 when sinking as a whole with chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 33 is the D-D sectional view of FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is the B-B sectional view of FIG. 31;

FIG. 35 is the C-C sectional view of FIG. 31;

FIG. 36 is a structural schematic diagram of the caisson foundation 8-8 with a multi-story basement that is assembled (or cast) by blocks on the ground and lowered to a specified elevation, which is cast at the bottom after removal of chain blade 3. It is also a structural schematic diagram of the subway station;

FIG. 37 is a structural schematic diagram of vertical screw conveyor 7-2 on one middle side of chain blade 3, and a structural schematic diagram of a vertical cylindrical channel on one side;

FIG. 38 is the A-A sectional view of FIG. 37, which is also a structural schematic diagram of the spiral blades 7-3 at the inlet of the vertical screw conveyor and the bottom of the chain blade;

FIG. 39 is a structural schematic top view of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 in the middle of the double-row chain blade;

FIG. 40 is the A-A sectional view of FIG. 39, which is also a structural schematic diagram of spiral blades 7-3 at vertical screw conveyor 72 and the inlet;

FIG. 41 is an upward view of FIG. 40, which is also a structural schematic diagram of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 in the middle of the double-row chain blade 3;

FIG. 42 is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom of foundation 1, which is also a structural schematic diagram of the closed-loop center lines of chain blade 3 at the bottom of the foundation;

FIG. 43 is a structural schematic diagram of the revetment foundation 8-9-1 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 44 is the A-A sectional view of FIG. 43;

FIG. 45 is a structural schematic diagram of the wharf foundation 8-9-2 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 46 is the A-A sectional view of FIG. 45;

FIG. 47 is a structural schematic diagram of ship lock foundation 8-10 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 48 is the A-A sectional view of FIG. 47. It is a structural schematic diagram of the pile foundation at the gate position, and a structural schematic diagram when sinking as a whole with chain blade 3 at the bottom.

FIG. 49 is a structural schematic diagram of the dam foundation 8-11 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 50 is the A-A view of FIG. 49, which is also a structural schematic diagram of the well-shaped piles in the dam foundation 8-11 when sinking as a whole with the chain blade 3 at the bottom;

FIG. 51 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 49, which is also a structural schematic diagram of the combination of the piles and the walls in the dam foundation 8-11;

FIG. 52 is a schematic diagram of the bridge foundation 8-12 which functions as foundation 1;

FIG. 53 is the A-A view of FIG. 52, which is also the structural schematic diagram of the above ground part of bridge foundation 8-12;

FIG. 54 is the B-B view of FIG. 52, which is also the structural schematic diagram of the underground part of bridge foundation 8-12;

FIG. 55 is a structural schematic diagram of the tracks on the bottom and both sides of foundation 1, whose five types include a1, a2, b, c and d. Among them, a1 and a2 are of concave types, b is of a plane type, and c is of a convex type.

FIG. 56 is a schematic diagram of D type track and chain blade;

FIG. 57 is a structural schematic diagram of d type tracks in a staggered arrangement in multiple rows along a longitudinal direction to form a cone shape;

FIG. 1 is the foundation of chain blade 3 at the bottom during construction; 1-1 is the track of chain blade 3 operating at the bottom of foundation 1; 1-2 is the track of chain blade 3 operation at one side of foundation 1; 1-3 is the lateral cover of foundation 1 with cutting edge angle at the bottom; 1-4 is the slurry pipeline set at the bottom of foundation 1; 2 is the chain excavating device consisting of chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, and chain wheel 6, etc.; 3 is the chain blade consisting of chain excavating device 2; 3-1 is the chain consisting of chain blade 3, including caterpillar, rope and flexible belt; 3-1-1 is A cross consisting of the cross of the chain; 3-1-2 is the B cross consisting of the cross of the chain; 3-1B is the flexible belt consisting of chain blade 3; 3-2 is the blade fixed on chain 3-1 for rock and soil excavation; 3-2B is the blade fixed on flexible belt 3-1B for rock and soil excavation. 4 is the driving device of chain 3-1; 5 is the tensioning device of chain 3-1; 6 is the chain wheel operating on chain 3-1; 7 is the rock and soil conveyor; 7-1 is the vertical chain rock and soil conveyor; 7-2 is the vertical screw conveyor; 7-3 is both horizontal screw excavator and horizontal screw conveyor at the inlet of the vertical screw conveyor 7-2 at the bottom of chain blade 3; 8-1 is a straight pile, including A, B and C type straight piles; 8-1-1 is a A type straight pile with equal distance from the top and the bottom; 8-1-2 is a B type straight pile with distance from the top smaller than that from the bottom; 8-1-3 is a C type pile with distance from the top longer than that from the bottom; 8-2 is a cross pile formed by two straight piles; 8-3 is an I-shaped pile formed by three straight piles; 8-4 is a square shaped pile formed by four straight piles. 8-5 is the underground diaphragm wall; 8-5-1 is the foundation A of underground diaphragm wall; 8-5-2 is the underground diaphragm wall B; 8-5-3 is the foundation C of underground diaphragm wall; 8-6 is the breakwater; 8-7 is the open caisson foundation; 8-7-1 is the open caisson foundation A; 8-7-2 is the open caisson foundation B; 8-8 is the caisson foundation; 8-9 is the revetment or wharf foundation; 8-9-1 is the revetment foundation; 8-9-2 is the wharf foundation; 8-10 is the ship lock foundation; 8-11 is the dam foundation; 8-12 is the bridge foundation; B-1 is the bottom track in method B; B-2 is the middle frame in method B; B-3 is the upper device in method B; B-4 is the cast-in-place formwork in method B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A rock and soil conveying device is set inside or nearby the foundation 1 with chain blade at the bottom during construction. The bottom of the foundation 1 is equipped with the track. During construction, the chain blade is installed on the track, which consists of chain blade and blade fixed on the chain for rock and soil excavation. The chain excavating device mainly consists of a chain blade and transmission device, and a transmission device mainly consists of a driving device and chain wheel, etc. During construction, the driving device drives the chain blade, to run along the track. The blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 excavates rock and soil and convey it out through the rock and soil conveyor. The chain blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 descends along with foundation 1.

The closed-loop center line of the chain blade is at the bottom of foundation 1.

The vertical rock and soil conveying device is a vertical screw conveyor, with the inlet at the bottom of the middle part of the chain blade or the end of the chain blade. The vertical screw conveyor is located on one side of the chain blade or in the middle of the multi-row chain blade.

The chain blade is a multi-row chain blade along the transverse direction. The multi-row chain blade excavates simultaneously or separately as necessary.

The construction method can be divided into method A—factory prefabricated foundation 1 and method B—cast-in-place foundation 1;

Method A pre-fabricating method can be divided into the steps below:

1) Pre-fabricate the foundation by blocks or in batches at the factory 1;

2) Transport the assembled foundation 1 on-site and fix in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;

3) Install chain driving device and connect the chain with chain blade;

4) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveyor, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;

5) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth.

Method B Cast-In-Place Method Except for the bottom, cast in the fixed formwork on site for foundation 1. During construction, fix the formwork and avoid any movement. Excavate the rock and soil at the bottom, and foundation 1 sinks while grouting. Chain excavating device consists of the bottom track, middle frame, upper device and chain blade. The bottom track is connected to the bottom of foundation 1; the bottom of the middle frame is connected to the bottom track, and the top to the upper device. The track with chains is installed in the middle frame, which is also one integral part of the reinforcement cage of foundation 1. The rock and vertical soil conveyor consists of the chain blades running upwards from the bottom and a closed chamber of the middle frame. With the descending of the bottom track, the middle frame also descends simultaneously. The upper device is fixed on the working platform or the top of the middle frame. The upper device is equipped with a chain driving device and a tensioning device. The chain of the bottom track is connected to the driving device and the tensioning device of the upper device through the middle frame. Method B cast-in-place method can be divided into the steps below:

1) Clear the site and build working platforms;

2) Assemble the track at the bottom, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;

3) Assemble the middle frame, upper device and cast-in-place formwork;

4) Install chain driving device and tensioning device, to connect the chain blades of the bottom track and the upper device chain, so as to form a chain excavating device;

5) Fabricate a reinforcement cage and grout in the formwork;

6) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of foundation 1 and delivers the excavated rock and soil to the top through the middle frame, and foundation 1 descends accordingly;

7) As the descending of the bottom of foundation 1, the foundation 1 in formwork descends while grouting;

8) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth, and remove the grouting formwork.

The foundation 1 is straight piles.

The foundation 1 consists of several straight piles, which are constructed integrally or separately on-site.

The foundation 1 is underground diaphragm walls and/or breakwaters.

The foundation 1 is an open caisson foundation and/or caisson foundation.

The caisson foundation includes the upper chamber. The surrounding load-bearing walls of the caisson foundation are underground diaphragm walls. The upper chamber of the caisson foundation is assembled on the ground. The bottom of the load bearing walls around the upper chamber is equipped with tracks. The track is equipped with multi-row chain blades for rock and soil excavation, which excavate the rock and soil at the bottom of the chamber while operating on the bottom track, and deliver the excavated rock and soil out.

The foundation 1 is a dam foundation and/or ship lock foundation.

The foundation 1 is a revetment foundation and/or wharf foundation.

The foundation 1 is a bridge foundation.

The chain blade is a chain in the widest sense, including caterpillar, rope and flexible belt.

The technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the drawings attached: As shown in FIGS. 1-5, the track for chain excavating device 2 is set on foundation 1, and the chain excavating device 2 consists of chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5 and chain wheel 6. Chain blade 3 consists of chain 3-1 and blade 3-2 fixed on the chain; During construction, driving device 4 drives chain 3-1, to drive blade 3-2 to operate on the track, and blade 3-2 at the bottom of foundation 1 excavates rock and soil. The horizontal chain blade 3-2 at the bottom of the foundation is also a horizontal rock and soil conveyor. Chain blade 3-2 moving upward from the bottom and lateral cover 1-3 constitute the vertical chain rock and soil conveyor 7-1. The rock and soil excavated from the bottom of the foundation are delivered to the top from the horizontal rock and soil conveyor to the vertical chain rock and soil conveyor 7-1. Chain blade 3 at the bottom and foundation 1 descend simultaneously. Once descending to the set depth, it will disconnect chain blade 3-2, which will be pumped and reclaimed by the driving device, and grouting will be carried out.

As shown in FIGS. 2, 6 and 7, foundation 1 adopts straight piles, including A, B and C types; 8-1-1 is an A type straight pile with equal distance from the top and the bottom; 8-1-2 is a B type straight pile with distance from the top smaller than that from the bottom; 8-1-3 is a C type pile with distance from the top longer than that from the bottom.

As shown in FIG. 8, foundation 1 adopts the method A pre-fabricating method, which can be divided into the steps below:

1) Pre-fabricate foundation 1 at the factory by blocks. Transport the assembled foundation 1 on site and fix in place. Install chain blade 3 on the track at its bottom. Install chain driving device 4 and other devices. Install the chain 3-1 with excavating blades, as shown in figure a;

2) Drive chain 3-1. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveying device 7, and foundation 1 descends accordingly, as shown by b in the figure;

3) After descending to a set depth, assemble the pre-fabricated parts of foundation 1 on the ground, or assemble while sinking, as shown in Figure c;

4) Grout after descending to the design depth or removing chain blade 3, as shown in Figure d.

As shown in FIGS. 9-12, foundation 1 adopts Method B cast-in-place method, which can be divided into the steps below:

1) Clear the site and build working platforms;

2) Assemble the track at the bottom B-1 and cast formwork B-4, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade 3 on the track at the bottom of foundation 1;

3) Assemble middle frame B-2 and upper device B-3;

4) Install chain driving device 4 and tensioning device 5. Integrate bottom track B-1, middle frame B-2, upper device B-3 and chain 3-1, to form chain excavating device 2;

5) Fabricate reinforcement cage, weld middle frame B-2 to reinforcement cage. The middle frame is also an integral part of the cast-in-place formwork;

6) Cast concrete in formwork B-4;

7) Drive chain 3-1. Chain blade 3 excavates the rock and soil at the bottom, and delivers the excavated rock and soil through middle frame B-2 to the top. Foundation 1 descends accordingly;

8) As the excavation at the bottom of foundation 1, foundation 1 of formwork B-4 descends while grouting;

9) Grout after removing chain blade 3 at design depth; 10) Remove the parts of the upper device and the middle frame that are higher than foundation 1, and remove the cast-in-place formwork; The contents above described straight pile 8-1, and the structures of foundation 1 below can be deemed as the combinations of several straight piles.

As shown in FIGS. 13-15, foundation 1 is cross pile foundation 8-2. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6 and other interrelations, structures and construction methods are formed by two straight piles.

As shown in FIGS. 16-18, foundation 1 is I-shaped pile foundation 8-3. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6, and other interrelations, structures and construction methods are formed by three straight piles.

As shown in FIG. 19, foundation 1 is square shaped pile foundation 8-4. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6, and other interrelations, structures and construction methods are formed by four straight piles.

As shown in FIGS. 20-24, foundation 1 is underground diaphragm wall, which is divided into A type underground diaphragm wall foundation 8-5-1, B type underground diaphragm wall foundation 8-5-2 and C type underground diaphragm wall foundation 8-5-3. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6, and other interrelations, structures and construction methods. A type underground diaphragm wall foundation 8-5-1 consists of several I-shaped piles and straight piles in an inserted manner. I-shaped piles can be fixed by inserting into drilled holes. Chain blade can be set, which descends along with rock and soil excavation; 8-5-2 underground diaphragm wall B can be deemed as a combination of four straight piles. 8-5-3 underground diaphragm wall C consists of six straight piles inserted into each other, which can be constructed on site as a whole or separately.

As shown in FIG. 25-26, foundation 1 is breakwater foundation 8-6. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6 and other interrelations, structures and construction methods can be deemed as straight piles.

As shown in FIGS. 27-30, foundation 1 is 8-7-1 open caisson foundation A or 8-7-2 caisson foundation B. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6, and other interrelations, structures and construction methods. 8-7-1 open caisson foundation A can be deemed as a combination of 24 straight piles. 8-7-2 caisson foundation B consists of eight straight piles.

As shown in FIGS. 31-36, foundation 1 is caisson foundation 8-8. The chain blade 3, driving device 4, tensioning device 5, chain wheel 6 and other interrelations, structures and construction methods consists of four straight piles. The surrounding bearing walls of caisson foundation 8-8 are underground diaphragm walls. The upper chamber of caisson foundation 8-8 is assembled on the ground, and the bottom in the bearing walls surrounding the upper chamber is equipped with the track. The track is equipped with multi-row chain blade 3 for rock and soil excavation, and the multi-row chain blade 3 excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of the chamber while operating along the track at the bottom, and delivers the excavated rock and soil out.

As shown in FIGS. 37-41, the vertical rock and soil conveying device is vertical screw conveyor 7-2. The vertical screw conveyor 7-2 is arranged on one side of chain blade 3 or in the middle of multi-row chain blade 3 at the bottom of the foundation. Its inlet is at the middle bottom or one end of chain blade 3. Chain excavating device 2 can be installed as a whole at the bottom of foundation 1, which is applicable for special occasions.

As shown in FIGS. 43 and 44, foundation 1 is a revetment foundation.

As shown in FIGS. 45 and 46, foundation 1 is a wharf foundation.

As shown in FIGS. 47 and 48, foundation 1 is a ship lock foundation.

As shown in FIGS. 49-51, foundation 1 is a dam foundation.

As shown in FIGS. 52-54, foundation 1 is a bridge foundation. 

1. A foundation with chain blades at the bottom during construction in characterized in that during construction, the foundation 1 with chain blade at the bottom is equipped with rock and soil conveying device inside or nearby, and the bottom of the foundation 1 is equipped with the track. During construction, the chain blade is installed on the track, which consists of chain blade and blade fixed on the chain for rock and soil excavation. Chain excavating device mainly consists of a chain blade and transmission device, and a transmission device mainly consists of a driving device and chain wheel, etc. During construction, the driving device drives the chain blade, to run along the track. The blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 excavates rock and soil and convey it out through the rock and soil conveyor. The chain blade at the bottom of the foundation 1 descends along with foundation
 1. 2. As claim 1, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the said closed-loop center line of the chain blade is at the bottom of foundation
 1. 3. As claim 1, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the said vertical rock and soil conveying device is a vertical screw conveyor, with the inlet at the bottom of the middle part of the chain blade or the end of the chain blade. The vertical screw conveyor is located on one side of the chain blade or in the middle of the multi-row chain blade.
 4. As claim 1, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the chain blade is a multi-row chain blade along the transversal direction. The multi-row chain blade excavates simultaneously or separately as necessary.
 5. As claim 1, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the construction method can be divided into method A—factory prefabricated foundation 1 and method B—cast-in-place foundation 1; Method A pre-fabricating method can be divided into the steps below: 1) Pre-fabricate the foundation 1 by blocks or in batches at the factory; 2) Transport the assembled foundation 1 on site and fix in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1; 3) Install chain driving device and connect the chain with chain blade; 4) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom and delivers it to the top through the rock and soil conveying device, and foundation 1 descends accordingly; 5) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth. Method B Cast-In-Place Method Except the bottom 1, cast in the fixed formwork on site for foundation
 1. During construction, fix the formwork and avoid any movement. Excavate the rock and soil at the bottom, and foundation 1 sinks while grouting. Chain excavating device consists of the bottom track, middle frame, upper device and chain blade. The bottom track is connected to the bottom of foundation 1; the bottom of the middle frame is connected to the bottom track, and the top to the upper device. The track with chains is installed in the middle frame, which is also one integral part of the reinforcement cage of foundation
 1. The rock and vertical soil conveyor consists of the chain blades running upwards from the bottom and a closed chamber of the middle frame. With the descending of the bottom track, the middle frame also descends simultaneously. The upper device is fixed on the working platform or on the top of the middle frame. The upper device is equipped with a chain driving device and a tensioning device. The chain of the bottom track is connected to the driving device and the tensioning device of the upper device through the middle frame. Method B cast-in-place method can be divided into the steps below: 1) Clear the site and build working platforms; 2) Assemble the track at the bottom, i.e. fix the bottom of foundation 1 in place. Install chain blade on the track at the bottom of foundation 1; 3) Assemble the middle frame, upper device and cast-in-place formwork; 4) Install chain driving device and tensioning device, to connect the chain blades of the bottom track and the upper device chain, so as to form a chain excavating device; 5) Fabricate a reinforcement cage and grout in the formwork; 6) Drive the chain. The chain blade excavates the rock and soil at the bottom of foundation 1 and delivers the excavated rock and soil to the top through the middle frame, and foundation 1 descends accordingly; 7) As the descending of the bottom of foundation 1, the foundation 1 in formwork descends while grouting; 8) Grout after removing chain blade at the design depth, and remove the grouting formwork
 6. As claim 1, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 adopts straight piles.
 7. As claim 6, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 consists of several straight piles, which are constructed integrally or separately on site.
 8. As claim 7, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 are underground diaphragm walls and/or breakwaters.
 9. As claim 7, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 are open caisson foundation and/or caisson foundation.
 10. As claims 8 and 9, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the said caisson foundation includes the upper chamber. The surrounding load-bearing walls of the said caisson foundation are underground diaphragm walls. The upper chamber of the caisson foundation is assembled on the ground. The bottom of the load-bearing walls around the upper chamber is equipped with tracks. The track is equipped with multi-row chain blades for rock and soil excavation, which excavate the rock and soil at the bottom of the chamber while operating on the bottom track, and deliver the excavated rock and soil out.
 11. As claim 7, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 are dam foundation and/or ship lock foundation.
 12. As claim 7, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 are revetment foundation and/or wharf foundation.
 13. As claim 7, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the foundation 1 are bridge foundation.
 14. As claim 1, the present foundation with chain blade at the bottom during construction is characterized in that the chain blade is a chain in the widest sense, including caterpillar, rope and flexible belt. 